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====== Immigrants to Hungary ======
Ula, here is a little summary of my research. It is  not legal advice, it is intended for help.

===== Basic terminology=====

^ Term in English  ^ Term in Hungarian  ^ Description^
|European Community (EC)|Európai Közösség (EK)| formerly: European Economic Community (EEC) -- Európai Gazdasági Közösség (EGK),\\ now part of EU|
|European Economic Area (EEA)|Európai Gazdasági Térség (EGT)|EU member states,\\ Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway,\\ Switzerland|
|person with right of free movement and residence|szabad mozgás és tartózkodás jogával rendelkező személy|citizens of Hungary, \\ citizens of EEA|
|third-country national|harmadik ország állampolgárságával rendelkező személy| not a citizen of Hungary or EEA|


===== Overview of legal acts =====
==== Hungarian law ====
^ In English (unofficial) ^ In Hungarian  ^ Abbreviation in Hungarian^
|[[https://thb.kormany.hu/accessibility/download/8/ec/a0000/09_Act%20I%20of%202007%20and%20Government%20Decree%20113_2007.pdf
|Act I of 2007 on the entry and residence of persons having the right of free movement and residence]]|[[https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0700001.tv|2007. évi I. törvény a szabad mozgás és tartózkodás jogával rendelkező személyek beutazásáról és tartózkodásáról]]|Szmtv.|
|[[https://thb.kormany.hu/download/9/ec/a0000/10_Act%20II%20of%202007%20and%20Government%20Decree%20114_2007.pdf|Act II of 2007 on the entry and residence of third-country national]]|[[https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0700002.tv|2007. évi II. törvény a harmadik országbeli állampolgárok beutazásáról és tartózkodásáról]]|Harmtv. (RRTN in the translation)|
|[[https://thb.kormany.hu/download/9/ec/a0000/10_Act%20II%20of%202007%20and%20Government%20Decree%20114_2007.pdf|Government Decree 114/2007 (V. 24.) on the Implementation of Act II of 2007 on the Admission and Right of Residence of Third-Country Nationals]]|[[https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0700114.kor|114/2007. (V. 24.) Korm. rendelet a harmadik országbeli állampolgárok beutazásáról és tartózkodásáról szóló 2007. évi II. törvény végrehajtásáról]]|114/2007. (V. 24.) Korm. rendelet|
|no English translation yet | [[https://www.parlament.hu/irom42/06079/06079-0014.pdf|2023. évi ??? törvény a harmadik országbeli állampolgárok beutazására és tartózkodására vonatkozó általános szabályokról]]| Btátv. |

//Note: the government decree references the same act (Harmtv.), but its name was translated differently, because these are not official, harmonized translations.//

//Note: the link for the English government decree and the Act II of 2007 (Harmtv.) points to the same PDF document, because the English translation combines the two. Note also that it is an older translation, missing some parts compared to the current version of Harmtv.//

==== EU law ====
  * [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32018R1240|REGULATION (EU) 2018/1240 of 12 September 2018]]
  * [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32017R2226|REGULATION (EU) 2017/2226 of 30 November 2017]]


===== Current regulations  =====
Based on the old acts and the government decree of 2007.

==== Applying for a permanent residence permit ====
The relevant details for you are found in **//Chapter IV: Detailed Provisions on Establishing Residence//** (//Harmtv. IV. Fejezet: A letelepedés//), from page 44 in the translation.

//Note:// § //in the government decree and Harmtv. is referred to as //Section// in the English translation.//

=== Terminology  ===

^ Term in English  ^ Term in Hungarian ^
|residence permit|tartózkodási engedély|
|interim permanent residence permit| ideiglenes letelepedési engedély|
|national permanent residence permit| nemzeti letelepedési engedély|
|EC permanent residence permit|EK letelepedési engedély|


=== Common prerequisites for permanent residence ===
Laid out in 33. § of Harmtv., page 44 in the translation.

  * abode and subsistence secured
  * health insurance or enough income to insure yourself

Grounds for refusal:
  * your establishing residence is a threat to public safety or national security
  * you are officially forbidden to enter or reside in Hungary, you have a SIS alert
  * you provide fake data to mislead authorities

=== Overview of permanent residence permits ===
Laid out in 34–36. § of the Harmtv., page 48–54 in the translation.

^            ^ Interim permanent residence permit ^ National permanent residence permit ^ EC permanent residence permit ^
^Defined in|Harmtv. 34. §| Harmtv. 35. §|Harmtv. 36. §|
^Available for |third-country nationals|third-country nationals|third-country nationals|
^Validity| max. 5 years (may be extended by 5 years at a time)|indefinite period of time|indefinite period of time|
^Purpose| work (excluding seasonal work), study, other valid reason|undefined|not for study, seasonal work etc.|
^Prerequisites|EC residence permit (granted under Council Directive 2003/109/EC of 25 November 2003)|residence permit or\\ interim permanent residence permit, \\ min. 3 years of uninterrupted stay in Hungary|min. 5 years<sup>1</sup> of uninterrupted stay in Hungary or\\ Blue Card with 2 years of uninterrupted stay in Hungary|
^Temporary absence allowed| undefined | less than 4 consecutive months,\\ with a combined duration of less than 270 days,\\ within 3 years prior to application|less than 6 consecutive months,\\ with a combined duration of less than 300 days,\\ during the 5 years|
^Decision in|undefined|70 days after  application,\\ 30 days after appeal|70 days after application,\\ 30 days after appeal|
^Decision on threat<sup>2</sup>|20 days after  application,\\ 15 days after appeal|20 days after application,\\ 15 days after appeal|20 days after  application,\\ 15 days after appeal|
^Time to apply|30 days before expiry of right of residence|

<sup>1</sup> When calculating your years of stay for EC permanent residence permit eligibility, your time spent with higher education in Hungary must be halved.

<sup>2</sup> The **decision on** whether the applicant is a **threat** to public safety or national security is made by another authority, which **takes extra time** that **must be added** to the regular decision time. The decision time on threat may be doubled, that is, the 20 days may be extended by another 20 days, and the 15 days by another 15 days.
==== Submitting your application ====
Laid out in 86/J §. It is not included in the translation.

  * You must submit you application electronically.
  * You must appear before the authority in person for a photo and fingerprints within 15 days after confirmation of your application.
  * You must attach documentary proof of your eligiblity, as listed below.

=== Documents to be attached to your application ===
Laid out in 94. § of the government decree, page 45 in the translation.

  - valid travel document
  - birth certificate
  - a certificate of clean criminal record issued within six months
  - proof of abode and subsistence in Hungary 
     * bank statement of your savings account or
     * certificate of your taxable income from your employer 
         * (monthly income is calculated as the monthly average of the sums:
           * taxed regular income for a period of 1 year, plus
           * any income received during the 3-month period prior to application)
    * residential lease contract in proof of rental
  - evidence of health insurance coverage

=== If your application is not complete ===
Laid out in 86/K §, it is not included in the translation.

  * The authority will request you to complete it within 45 days.   
  * You may request an extension of the deadline by 21 days, which may be denied.

===Further info ===
Please also take a look at this shitty page: [[http://oif.gov.hu/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=1311&Itemid=1848&lang=en#]]


===== New regulations  =====
Based on the new Act of 2023 on the entry and residence of third-country nationals.

==== Overview of the new regulations ====
  * tightens and clarifies legal titles and conditions of residence and employment of foreign nationals
  * introduces various new residence permits and visa categories
     * for visiting investors granted to persons of national economic interest
  * tightens rules on residence and work 
    * guest workers can only stay for a limited period
  * new types of residence permits (seasonal permit, for investment project, highly qualified employees (Hungarian Card) etc.)
Source: [[https://ceelegalmatters.com/hungary/25003-new-bill-on-the-entry-and-residence-of-third-country-nationals-in-hungary]]


Reading some news articles, I have come to an understanding that Hungary badly needs guest workers and investors for the economy, hence this new law.


=== Status of the new regulations ===

The bill has been approved December 12 by the Parliament, and sent December 15 to the President to be signed into law.

=== Entry of the new regulations into force  ===
Laid out in 285. §, page 143.

Most sections of the act will ** go into force January 1, 2024, with some exceptions**, listed below.

== Exceptions ==
^Date of entry into force^Sections^
|January 2, 2024|328. § b)\\ 351. §\\ 218. (subchapter)\\ 398. §.|
|January 1, 2025| 250. § d)\\ 266. §\\ 227. (subchapter)|
|based on Article 88 of EU Regulation 2018/1240|10. § a)\\ 143. § (4)\\  250. § b)\\ 265. §\\ 289. §\\ 319. §\\ 390. § c), d), f), g), i)\\  228–231. (subchapters)|
|based on Article 66 paragraph (1) of EU Regulation 2017/2226| 143. § (3)\\ 250. § a)\\ 264. §\\ 167. (subchapter)\\ 390. § a), b), e) and h)|

=== Transitional measures ===
Laid out in 286. §, page 144–145.

Your current, valid residence permit will remain valid until its original expiry.

Between  January 1, 2024 and February 29, 2024, procedures related to permits will be halted, and you cannot file your application during that time.

If your permit expires between January 1, 2024 and February 29, 2024, its validity will be extended until April 30, 2024.


If you hand in your application for a residence permit before the new act goes into force, and it is not approved until that time, then regulations in  Harmtv. will be applied by the authorities, even if you have to appeal.

If you file your application online, you must pay the service fee before December 31, 2023.

== Dates of application of the new regulations ==
Regulations of the new Act will begin to be **applied from March 1, 2024, with some exceptions**, listed below.

**Exceptions:**
^ Applied from ^ Section ^
|January 1, 2024|35. (subchapter)\\ 74. § (1)--(3)\\ 50. (subchapter)\\ TIZENEGYEDIK RÉSZ (PART ELEVEN)|
|July 1, 2024|8. and 13. (subchapters)| 

Before February 29, 2024, the following parts of the (old) Harmtv. will be applied:

  * I. Fejezet
  * II. Fejezet 
  * 13--17. §
  * 18. § (1) 
  * 23. §
  * 29. § (1)  b) and c) 
  * 29. § (2)  b) and c) 
  * 30. § (1) f)--h) and j)
  * 30. § (2)  a) and d)
  * V. Fejezet
  * VI. Fejezet
  * VII. Fejezet
  * VIII. Fejezet
  * IX. Fejezet
  * X. Fejezet

==== Terminology of the new regulations  ====
^ Term in Hungarian ^ English translation ^
|tartózkodási engedély|residence permit|
|foglalkoztatási célú tartózkodási engedély|residence permit for the purpose of employment|


=== Periods of residence permits ===
The new act has names for the different periods, as shown below:

^ Term in Hungarian ^ English translation ^ Description ^
|rövid|short| max. 90 days|
|tartós|extended|more than 90 days, max. 180 days|
|huzamos|long-term|indefinite period of time (except for interim permanent residence card)|

=== Permanent residence ===
Permanent residence is long-term residence.

Permanent residence //permit// (//engedély//) is now permanent residence //card// (//kártya//).

^ Term in old regulation ^ Term in new regulation ^
|interim permanent residence permit|interim permanent residence card|
|national permanent residence permit|national permanent residence card|
|EC permanent residence permit|EU permanent residence card|

Any permanent residence permit that had been received before the new act entered into force is equivalent to a right of long-term residence and a permanent residence card depending on the old permit type (interim, national or EC).

//EC// has been renamed to //EU//.


==== Extended residence ====
For an extended residence (tartós tartózkodás), the new act includes a long list of well-defined residence titles on the basis the right of residence may be granted to third-country nationals (list in 6. §). Most of these were present in the old act, but now they are defined in more detail (in  III. Fejezet).

There is a category of titles //for the purpose of work as a guest worker// (//munkavégzési célból, mint vendégmunkás//). In that category, the title of interest to you, Ula is //guest worker with a residence permit for the purpose of employment// (//foglalkoztatási célú tartózkodási engedéllyel, 6. § bc//).
It is detailed in subchapter 16 (//16. A foglalkoztatási célú tartózkodási engedély//).

=== Extended residence permit ===
  * the minister responsible for the employment of third-country nationals may limit the countries and the number of permits
  * extended residence permit is valid for a maximum of 2 years, and may be extended by 1 year
    * after that, a new request for a residence permit must be submitted
  * guest workers with with a residence permit for the purpose of employment **cannot** receive a national permanent residence card



==== Long-term residence ====
Long-term residence (huzamos tartózkodás) is what concerns you, Ula. It is laid out in** //NEGYEDIK RÉSZ//** (PART FOUR): **//A harmadik országbeli állampolgár huzamos magyarországi tartózkodása//** (long-term residence in Hungary for third-country nationals), from 75. §.

=== Common prerequisites for permanent residence ===
Laid out in 75. §.
They are exactly the same as in the old regulations.


=== Overview of changes for permanent residence permits ===
The new regulations for permanent residence permits have not changed much.
The table below only shows what has been changed. An empty cell indicates no change.

^            ^ Interim permanent residence card ^ National permanent residence card ^ EU permanent residence card ^
^Defined in|new act 77--81. §| new act 82--86. §|new act 87--89. §|
^Purpose| |a whole list of conditions for exclusion, laid out in 83.§ (5)<sup>1</sup>| |
^Prerequisites| |requestor's residence is in Hungary's interest,\\ requestor meets the requirements of co-existence in the society as defined by law | |
^Temporary absence allowed| | | |
^Decision in| | | |
^Decision on threat| | | |


<sup>1</sup> Notably: guest workers with a residence permit for the purpose of employment cannot receive a national permanent residence card.