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hungarian:vowel_harmony

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hungarian:vowel_harmony [2020/05/24 22:52] – [Rounded vs. unrounded] rblsthungarian:vowel_harmony [2020/05/24 23:07] (aktuális) – rblst
Sor 34: Sor 34:
 In terms of the vertical position of the tongue, two vowel categories are distinguished: **//low//** and **//high//**.  In terms of the vertical position of the tongue, two vowel categories are distinguished: **//low//** and **//high//**. 
  
-**Note**: The alternative terms //open// and //closed// are also in wide-spread use for these categories, based on the openness of the mouth. The two terminologies are essentially the same, as the the position of the tongue is lower when the mouth is more open.+**Note**: The alternative terms //open// and //closed// are also in wide-spread use for these categories, based on the openness of the mouth. The two terminologies are essentially the same, as the the position of the tongue is lower when the mouth is more open. I will stick to the terms //low// and //high// for the sake of notational clarity.
  
 **Low (open) vowels**: //a//, //á//, //o//, //ó//, //e//, //é//. **Low (open) vowels**: //a//, //á//, //o//, //ó//, //e//, //é//.
Sor 64: Sor 64:
 ==== Short vs. long ==== ==== Short vs. long ====
  
-In terms of length, vowels are either short or long. In fact all vowels can be grouped into short--long pairs. +In terms of length, vowels are either **//short//** or **//long//**. In fact all vowels can be grouped into **//short--long pairs//**. 
  
 **Short vowels**: //a//, //o//, //u//, //e//, //ö//, //ü//, //i//. **Short vowels**: //a//, //o//, //u//, //e//, //ö//, //ü//, //i//.
Sor 102: Sor 102:
 For two-form suffixes, the difference of vowels in the two forms is that one vowel is a back vowel (it lacks the F property), and the other is a front vowel (it has the F property). Consider: //-ban / -ben//  (eg. //házban, hűtőben//). For two-form suffixes, the difference of vowels in the two forms is that one vowel is a back vowel (it lacks the F property), and the other is a front vowel (it has the F property). Consider: //-ban / -ben//  (eg. //házban, hűtőben//).
  
-All vowels, except //i// and //í//, form back/front pairs, and those pairs in turn define the two different forms of two-form suffixes. (The two forms alternate, hence these suffixes are also called alternating suffixes. I will stick to the term harmonizing suffixes.)+== Back–front vowel pairs ==
  
-Here are all six vowel pairs:+All vowels, except //i// and //í//, form back--front pairs, and those pairs in turn define the two different forms of two-form suffixes. (The two forms alternate, hence these suffixes are also called alternating suffixes. I will stick to the term harmonizing suffixes.) 
 + 
 +Here are all six **//back--front vowel pairs//**:
  
 ^  Back vowel   ^  Front vowel  ^ ^  Back vowel   ^  Front vowel  ^
Sor 115: Sor 117:
  
 (If you look closely, you may notice that there are in fact only 3 pairs, because the other 3 pairs have long vowels instead of short ones.) (If you look closely, you may notice that there are in fact only 3 pairs, because the other 3 pairs have long vowels instead of short ones.)
 +
 +== Examples ==
  
 Below are examples of two-form suffixes, based on each vowel pair above: Below are examples of two-form suffixes, based on each vowel pair above:
Sor 138: Sor 142:
 === Three-form suffixes === === Three-form suffixes ===
 Three-form suffixes have three alternating forms: one back form, and two front forms. Consider //házhoz// (//ház + hoz//), //hűtőhöz// (//hűtő + höz//) and  //székhez// (//szék + hez//). Three-form suffixes have three alternating forms: one back form, and two front forms. Consider //házhoz// (//ház + hoz//), //hűtőhöz// (//hűtő + höz//) and  //székhez// (//szék + hez//).
 +
 +== The vowel triplet ==
  
 Three-form suffixes follow a similar pattern to two-form suffixes, but three-form suffixes are defined by a vowel triplet, instead of vowel pairs. The vowel triplet contains one back vowel and two front vowels. The two front vowels are distinguished by another quality: roundedness. That is, one of the front vowels is rounded, and the other front vowel is unrounded. Three-form suffixes follow a similar pattern to two-form suffixes, but three-form suffixes are defined by a vowel triplet, instead of vowel pairs. The vowel triplet contains one back vowel and two front vowels. The two front vowels are distinguished by another quality: roundedness. That is, one of the front vowels is rounded, and the other front vowel is unrounded.
Sor 146: Sor 152:
 ^         ^  Rounded vowel  ^  Unrounded vowel  ^ ^         ^  Rounded vowel  ^  Unrounded vowel  ^
 |  //o//  |  //ö//  |  //e//  |  |  //o//  |  //ö//  |  //e//  | 
 +
 +== Examples ==
  
  
Sor 203: Sor 211:
  
 ==== F propagation==== ==== F propagation====
-In modern lingustics, frontness harmony is regarded as the propagation of the F property from the stem to the suffix. If the F property is propagated, the suffix will have the F property, that is, the suffix will take its front form. Otherwise, the the suffix will take its base form, that is, its back form.+In modern lingustics, frontness harmony is regarded as the propagation of the F property from the stem to the suffix. If the F property is propagated, the suffix will have the F property, that is, the suffix will take its front form. Otherwise, the the suffix will take its base form, which is its back form.
  
 The F property is propagated in three basic cases: The F property is propagated in three basic cases:
hungarian/vowel_harmony.1590360745.txt.gz · Utolsó módosítás: 2020/05/24 22:52 szerkesztette: rblst