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A kiválasztott változat és az aktuális verzió közötti különbségek a következők.

--- hungarian:vowel_harmony [2020/05/24 01:16] – [Neutral (transparent) vs. harmonic] rblst
+++ hungarian:vowel_harmony [2020/05/24 23:07] (aktuális) – rblst
@@ Sor 34: / Sor 34: @@
 In terms of the vertical position of the tongue, two vowel categories are distinguished: **//low//** and **//high//**.
-**Note**: The alternative terms //open// and //closed// are also in wide-spread use for these categories, based on the openness of the mouth. The two terminologies are essentially the same, as the the position of the tongue is lower when the mouth is more open.
+**Note**: The alternative terms //open// and //closed// are also in wide-spread use for these categories, based on the openness of the mouth. The two terminologies are essentially the same, as the the position of the tongue is lower when the mouth is more open. I will stick to the terms //low// and //high// for the sake of notational clarity.
 **Low (open) vowels**: //a//, //á//, //o//, //ó//, //e//, //é//.
@@ Sor 44: / Sor 44: @@
 ==== Rounded vs. unrounded ====
-In terms of lip rounding, vowels are either rounded or unrounded.
+In terms of lip rounding, vowels are either **//rounded//** or **//unrounded//**.
 **Rounded vowels**: //ü//, //ű//, //ö//, //ő//, //u//, //ú//, //o//, //ó//.
@@ Sor 64: / Sor 64: @@
 ==== Short vs. long ====
-In terms of length, vowels are either short or long. In fact all vowels can be grouped into short--long pairs.
+In terms of length, vowels are either **//short//** or **//long//**. In fact all vowels can be grouped into **//short--long pairs//**.
 **Short vowels**: //a//, //o//, //u//, //e//, //ö//, //ü//, //i//.
@@ Sor 71: / Sor 71: @@
-Notice that short vowel letters either have no diacritical mark (//a//, //o//, //u//, //e//), or they have a dots placed above the letter (//i//, //ö//, //ü//). Long vowel letters always have one or two strokes (accents) placed above the letter.
+Notice that short vowel letters either have no diacritical mark (//a//, //o//, //u//, //e//), or they have one or two dots placed above the letter (//i//, //ö//, //ü//). Long vowel letters always have one or two strokes (accents) placed above the letter.
@@ Sor 102: / Sor 102: @@
 For two-form suffixes, the difference of vowels in the two forms is that one vowel is a back vowel (it lacks the F property), and the other is a front vowel (it has the F property). Consider: //-ban / -ben//  (eg. //házban, hűtőben//).
-All vowels, except //i// and //í//, form back/front pairs, and those pairs in turn define the two different forms of two-form suffixes. (The two forms alternate, hence these suffixes are also called alternating suffixes. I will stick to the term harmonizing suffixes.)
+== Back–front vowel pairs ==
-Here are all six vowel pairs:
+All vowels, except //i// and //í//, form back--front pairs, and those pairs in turn define the two different forms of two-form suffixes. (The two forms alternate, hence these suffixes are also called alternating suffixes. I will stick to the term harmonizing suffixes.)
+Here are all six **//back--front vowel pairs//**:
 ^  Back vowel   ^  Front vowel  ^
@@ Sor 115: / Sor 117: @@
 (If you look closely, you may notice that there are in fact only 3 pairs, because the other 3 pairs have long vowels instead of short ones.)
+== Examples ==
 Below are examples of two-form suffixes, based on each vowel pair above:
@@ Sor 138: / Sor 142: @@
 === Three-form suffixes ===
 Three-form suffixes have three alternating forms: one back form, and two front forms. Consider //házhoz// (//ház + hoz//), //hűtőhöz// (//hűtő + höz//) and  //székhez// (//szék + hez//).
+== The vowel triplet ==
 Three-form suffixes follow a similar pattern to two-form suffixes, but three-form suffixes are defined by a vowel triplet, instead of vowel pairs. The vowel triplet contains one back vowel and two front vowels. The two front vowels are distinguished by another quality: roundedness. That is, one of the front vowels is rounded, and the other front vowel is unrounded.
@@ Sor 146: / Sor 152: @@
 ^         ^  Rounded vowel  ^  Unrounded vowel  ^
 |  //o//  |  //ö//  |  //e//  |
+== Examples ==
@@ Sor 185: / Sor 193: @@
-===== How vowel harmony works =====
+===== How frontness harmony works =====
-Vowel harmony, as I showed earlier, mandates that the appropriate suffix form be attached to a given stem. But how is it decided which suffix form is appropriate? That decision is based on the vowels in the stem.
+Frontness harmony, as I showed earlier, mandates that the appropriate suffix form (back or front) be attached to a given stem. But how is it decided which suffix form is appropriate? That decision is based on the vowels in the stem.
-Vowels in stems are also categorized.
-==== Neutral (transparent) vs. harmonic ====
-Front, unrounded vowels are called **//neutral//** vowels or **//transparent//** vowels.
-Non-neutral or non-transparent vowels, that is, all the rest of the vowels, are called **//harmonic vowels//**.
+Vowels in stems are also categorized. They fall into two categories: neutral (or transparent) and harmonic.
+==== Neutral (transparent) and harmonic vowels in stems====
+Front, unrounded vowels are called **//neutral//** vowels or **//transparent//** vowels. Notice that there are only four of them.
 **Neutral/transparent vowels**: //i//, //í//, //e//, //é//.
-Note that they are front, unrounded vowels, or using the technical notation, they all have the F property, and all lack the R property.
+Using the technical notation, they all have the F property, and all lack the R property.
+Non-neutral or non-transparent vowels, that is, all the rest of the vowels, are called **//harmonic vowels//**.
 **Harmonic vowels**: //a//, //á//, //o//, //ó//, //ö//, //ő//, //u//, //ú//, //ü//, //ű//.
 {{:hungarian:main_categories_of_vowels_with_neutrals.png?400|}}
+==== F propagation====
+In modern lingustics, frontness harmony is regarded as the propagation of the F property from the stem to the suffix. If the F property is propagated, the suffix will have the F property, that is, the suffix will take its front form. Otherwise, the the suffix will take its base form, which is its back form.
+The F property is propagated in three basic cases:
+  - If the last vowel of a stem has the F property as well as the R property. That is, the last vowel is a front, harmonic vowel (ü, ű, ö, ő).
+  - If all vowels of a stem has the F property. There are around 60 stems that are exempt from this rule. More on that later.
+  - If the last vowel of a stem has the F property and the L property (e, é), or if the last vowel of a stem has the F property and the penultimate vowel also has the F property, and the stem also has a vowel that does not have the F property.
 To be cont'd...